Peb cov khoom tseem ceeb: Amino silicone, thaiv silicone, hydrophilic silicone, tag nrho lawv cov silicone emulsion, ntub dej rubbing fastness improver, dej repellent (Fluorine free, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin wash chemicals (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex protector, Manganese remover), Main export lub teb chaws: India, Pakistanki, Bangladesh, Tür, etc.

 

Muaj monosodium glutamate, tseem hu ua surfactants, yog ib yam khoom uas, thaum ntxiv rau me me, tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm cov kuab tshuaj (feem ntau yog dej) thiab hloov pauv lub xeev ntawm lub cev; Thaum nws ncav cuag ib qho concentration, nws tsim micelles hauv cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim wetting los yog anti wetting, emulsification thiab demulsification, foaming los yog defoaming, solubilization, ntxuav thiab lwm yam teebmeem kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm kev siv tswv yim. Monosodium glutamate, raws li ib yam khoom umami, yog ubiquitous hauv peb cov zaub mov thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, surfactants yog cov khoom zoo ib yam li monosodium glutamate, uas tsis tas yuav muaj ntau npaum li cas thiab tuaj yeem muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau hu ua surfactants.

 

Taw qhia rau Surfactants

 

Surfactants muaj ib tug zwitterionic molecular qauv: ib kawg yog ib pab pawg neeg hydrophilic, abbreviated li hydrophilic pab pawg neeg, kuj hu ua oleophobic los yog oleophobic pab pawg neeg, uas yuav yaj surfactants nyob rau hauv dej li monomers. Cov pawg hydrophilic feem ntau yog pawg polar, uas tuaj yeem yog pawg carboxyl (- COOH), sulfonic acid pawg (- SO3H), amino pawg (- NH2) lossis cov amino pawg thiab lawv cov ntsev. Hydroxyl pawg (- OH), amide pawg, ether bonds (- O -), thiab lwm yam kuj tuaj yeem yog pawg polar hydrophilic; Lwm qhov kawg yog ib pab pawg hydrophobic, luv luv ua pawg oleophilic, tseem hu ua hydrophobic lossis hydrophobic pawg. Cov pab pawg hydrophobic feem ntau yog cov tsis muaj polar hydrocarbon chains, xws li hydrophobic alkyl chains R - (alkyl), Ar - (aryl), thiab lwm yam.
Surfactants tau muab faib ua ionic surfactants (xws li cationic thiab anionic surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, composite surfactants, thiab lwm yam surfactants.

Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj surfactant, thaum lub concentration ntawm cov surfactant nce mus txog ib qho nqi, cov surfactant molecules yuav tsim ntau yam kev txiav txim ua ke hu ua micelles. Micellization los yog tsim ntawm micelles yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem surfactant, thiab qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phenomena cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov micelles. Qhov concentration ntawm cov surfactants tsim micelles hauv kev daws yog hu ua Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Micelles tsis yog cov duab puab kheej kheej, tab sis tsis tshua muaj qhov tsis sib xws thiab hloov pauv cov duab. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, surfactants kuj tuaj yeem pom qhov rov qab micelle xeev.

 

Cov yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration

 

Cov qauv ntawm surfactants
Ntxiv thiab hom additives
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias

 

Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm surfactants thiab proteins

 

Cov protein muaj cov tsis muaj polar, polar, thiab cov pab pawg them nyiaj, thiab ntau cov amphiphilic molecules tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov protein ntau ntau. Surfactants tuaj yeem tsim cov molecular kom ua ke nrog cov qauv sib txawv hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, xws li micelles, rov qab micelles, thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins kuj txawv. Muaj feem ntau yog electrostatic thiab hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein thiab surfactants (PS), thaum kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ionic surfactants thiab cov proteins feem ntau yog vim electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm pawg polar thiab hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm hydrophobic carbon hydrogen chains, uas khi rau lub polar thiab hydrophobic qhov chaw ntawm cov proteins, feem, tsim PS complexes. Tsis yog ionic surfactants feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins los ntawm hydrophobic rog, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov chains hydrophobic thiab cov hydrophobic pawg ntawm cov proteins tuaj yeem muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm surfactants thiab proteins. Yog li ntawd, hom, concentration, thiab system ib puag ncig ntawm surfactants txiav txim seb lawv stabilize los yog destabilize proteins, aggregate los yog disperse.

 

HLB value of surfactant

 

Txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag, surfactants yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm pawg hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic. HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) is the hydrophilic oleophilic balance value of surfactants, which is an indicator of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of surfactants.

Tus nqi HLB yog tus nqi txheeb ze (nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 40), xws li paraffin wax nrog HLB tus nqi = 0 (tsis muaj hydrophilic pawg), polyoxyethylene nrog HLB tus nqi ntawm 20, thiab SDS muaj zog hydrophilicity nrog HLB tus nqi ntawm 40. Tus nqi HLB tuaj yeem siv los ua kev siv rau kev xaiv surfactants. Qhov siab dua tus nqi HLB, qhov zoo dua qhov hydrophilicity ntawm surfactant; Qhov me me ntawm HLB tus nqi, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hydrophilicity ntawm surfactant.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm surfactants

 

Cov nyhuv emulsification

Vim lub siab nro ntawm cov roj hauv dej, thaum cov roj poob rau hauv dej thiab nplawm, cov roj yog crushed rau hauv cov hlaws dai zoo thiab sib xyaw ua ke los ua ib qho emulsion, tab sis cov stirring nres thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog rov txheej. Yog hais tias ib tug surfactant ntxiv thiab nplawm tas li, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau kev sib cais ntev ntev tom qab nres, qhov no yog emulsification. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov roj hydrophobicity nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pab pawg hydrophilic ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag, tsim cov kev taw qhia kev nyiam thiab txo cov haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov roj dispersion hauv dej, ua rau cov roj emulsification zoo.

 

Wetting nyhuv

Feem ntau muaj ib txheej ntawm wax, roj, lossis nplai zoo li cov khoom siv rau ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog hydrophobic. Vim muaj kuab paug ntawm cov khoom no, qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsis yooj yim wetted los ntawm dej. Thaum cov surfactants ntxiv rau cov kua dej, cov dej ntws ntawm cov khoom tau yooj yim dispersed, zoo heev txo qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm ntub dej.

 

Solubilization nyhuv

Tom qab ntxiv cov surfactants rau cov roj tshuaj, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem "kua", tab sis qhov kev sib cais no tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum cov concentration ntawm surfactants mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov colloids, thiab cov solubility yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom solubilizing thiab cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm solubilization nyhuv, ntev hydrophobic noob chains muaj zog tshaj luv luv chains, saturated chains muaj zog tshaj unsaturated chains, thiab solubilization nyhuv ntawm non-ionic surfactants feem ntau tseem ceeb.

 

Dispersing nyhuv

Cov khoom siv xws li cov plua plav thiab cov khoom siv av yuav sib sau ua ke thiab yooj yim nyob hauv dej. Cov molecules ntawm surfactants tuaj yeem faib cov khoom particle aggregates rau hauv cov khoom me me, tso cai rau lawv tawg thiab tshem tawm hauv kev daws teeb meem, txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.

 

Ua npuas ncauj

Kev tsim ua npuas ncauj feem ntau yog los ntawm kev taw qhia adsorption ntawm tus neeg sawv cev nquag thiab txo qis ntawm qhov nro ntawm cov pa roj thiab kua theem. Feem ntau, tus neeg sawv cev qis molecular yog ib qho yooj yim ua npuas ncauj, siab molecular active tus neeg saib xyuas muaj tsawg ua npuas ncauj, myristate daj muaj ntau dua foaming khoom, thiab sodium stearate muaj qhov phem tshaj foaming khoom. Anionic active neeg sawv cev muaj zoo foaming cov cuab yeej thiab ua npuas ncauj stability tshaj uas tsis yog-ionic active neeg sawv cev, xws li sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate muaj zog foaming khoom. Feem ntau siv ua npuas ncauj stabilizers muaj xws li aliphatic cawv amide, carboxymethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam. Ua npuas ncauj inhibitors muaj xws li fatty acid, fatty acid ester, polyether, thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-ionic surfactants.

 

Classification ntawm surfactants

 

Surfactants tuaj yeem muab faib ua anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, thiab cationic surfactants raws li lawv cov qauv molecular yam ntxwv.

 

Anionic surfactant

Sulfonate
Cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag ntawm hom no suav nrog sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate thiab sodium alpha olefin sulfonate. Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, tseem hu ua LAS los yog ABS, yog cov hmoov dawb los yog daj daj los yog flake khoom nrog zoo solubility nyob rau hauv complex surfactant systems. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov rau alkali, dilute acid, thiab dej tawv. Feem ntau siv hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav (cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav) thiab cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws ua kua, feem ntau tsis siv tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab tsis tshua siv hauv cov gel da dej. Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav, nws qhov ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem suav txog li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj surfactants, thiab qhov kev hloov kho tiag tiag ntawm nws qhov kev faib ua feem hauv cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws yog qhov dav. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke siv hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav yog ternary system "LAS (linear alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium) - AES (alcohol ether sulfate sodium) - FFA (alkyl alcohol amide)". Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate yog kev ruaj ntseg zoo, muaj zog tu lub zog, kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig tsawg, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom biodegraded rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm tus nqi qis. Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog tias nws muaj zog heev. Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, tseem hu ua AOS, yog soluble hauv dej thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj ntau yam ntawm pH qhov tseem ceeb. Ntawm sulfonic acid ntsev ntau yam, kev ua tau zoo dua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev ruaj ntseg zoo, dej solubility zoo, zoo compatibility, tsis tshua muaj irritation, thiab zoo tagnrho microbial degradation. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov surfactants tseem ceeb feem ntau siv hauv tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab da dej gel. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws kim heev.

 

Sulfate
Cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag ntawm hom no suav nrog sodium fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ether sulfate thiab sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, tseem hu ua AES lossis sodium cawv ether sulfate.

Yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tshuaj zawv plaub hau, gel da dej, tshuaj ntxuav tais diav (cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav), thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws ua kua. Cov dej solubility yog zoo dua li sodium dodecyl sulfate, thiab nws tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm pob tshab aqueous tov ntawm chav tsev kub. Daim ntawv thov ntawm sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate nyob rau hauv cov kua detergents yog qhov dav thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo dua li cov saw ncaj alkylbenzenesulfonate; Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ntau cov surfactants hauv binary lossis ntau daim ntawv los ua pob tshab aqueous daws. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj khaus, dej solubility zoo, zoo sib xws, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij qhuav, tawg, thiab roughness. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov kua qaub tawm me ntsis tsis zoo, thiab lub zog ntxuav yog qis dua rau sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate thiab sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, tseem hu ua AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, thiab sodium lauryl sulfate foaming agent, yog insensitive rau alkali thiab dej tawv. Nws ruaj khov nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob yog inferior mus rau cov feem ntau sulfates thiab ze rau ntawm fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. Nws yog yooj yim degradable thiab muaj tsawg kawg ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj. Thaum siv cov kua detergents, lub acidity yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau; Kev siv ethanolamine los yog ammonium ntsev hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab ntxuav lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua kom cov kua qaub ruaj khov, tab sis kuj tseem pab txo qis kev khaus. Tsuas yog nws lub peev xwm ua kom zoo thiab muaj zog tu lub zog, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv lwm yam tsis zoo li sodium cawv ether sulfate. Tus nqi ntawm cov anionic surfactants feem ntau yog siab dua.

 

Cationic surfactant

Piv nrog rau ntau hom surfactants, cationic surfactants muaj cov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov kab mob muaj zog tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li kev tu lub zog tsis zoo, tsis muaj peev xwm ua npuas dej, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo, kev chim siab, thiab tus nqi siab. Cationic surfactants tsis ncaj nraim nrog anionic surfactants thiab tsuas yog siv los ua cov tshuaj txias lossis cov tshuaj fungicides. Cationic surfactants feem ntau yog siv los ua cov pab cuam surfactants hauv cov kua tshuaj detergents (raws li cov tshuaj me me hauv cov qauv) rau cov khoom qib siab, feem ntau yog rau cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau. Raws li kev hloov kho tus neeg sawv cev, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lwm hom surfactants hauv high-end kua tshuaj zawv plaub hau.

Cov hom cationic surfactants muaj xws li hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1631), octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14 S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone roj, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), thiab lwm yam.

 

Zwitterionic surfactant

Bipolar surfactants xa mus rau surfactants uas muaj ob pawg anionic thiab cationic hydrophilic pawg. Yog li ntawd, cov surfactants muaj cationic zog nyob rau hauv acidic daws, anionic zog nyob rau hauv alkaline daws, thiab non-ionic zog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus. Bipolar surfactants yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, concentrated acid thiab alkali daws, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv concentrated daws ntawm inorganic ntsev. Lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov dej tawv, tsis tshua muaj tawv nqaij khaus, zoo ntaub softness, zoo anti-static zog, zoo bactericidal nyhuv, thiab zoo compatibility nrog ntau yam surfactants. Yam tseem ceeb ntawm amphoteric surfactants muaj xws li dodecyl dimethyl betaine thiab carboxylate imidazoline.

 

Tsis-ionic surfactant

Non ionic surfactants muaj cov khoom zoo xws li solubilization, ntxuav, tiv thaiv zoo li qub, tsis tshua muaj khaus, thiab calcium xab npum dispersion; Cov pH siv tau yog dav dua li cov ionic surfactants dav dav; Tsuas yog cov khoom fouling thiab foaming, lwm yam khoom muaj feem ntau zoo dua rau cov anionic surfactants. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov tsis-ionic surfactant rau ionic surfactant tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj kev ua haujlwm saum npoo ntawm lub cev (piv ntawm tib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb). Cov hom tseem ceeb suav nrog alkyl cawv amides (FFA), fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), thiab alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE lossis OP).

Alkyl cawv amides (FFA) yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tsis-ionic surfactants nrog kev ua tau zoo, kev siv dav, thiab kev siv ntau zaus, feem ntau siv hauv ntau yam kua detergents. Nyob rau hauv cov kua detergents, nws yog feem ntau siv ua ke nrog amides, nrog ib tug piv ntawm "2: 1" thiab "1.5: 1" (alkyl cawv amide: amide). Alkyl cawv amides tuaj yeem siv feem ntau me ntsis acidic thiab alkaline detergents, thiab yog cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm nonionic surfactants.

 

Kev siv cov surfactants

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj thiab kev nkag mus rau cov kev qhuab qhia muaj feem xyuam, lub luag haujlwm thiab kev siv cov surfactants tau dhau los ua qhov dav thiab qhov tob. Los ntawm cov mining ntawm cov zaub mov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog, mus rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov enzymes, cov kab ntawm surfactants tuaj yeem pom. Niaj hnub no, kev siv cov tshuaj surfactants tsis txwv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj txhuam hniav ntxuav, tshuaj pleev ib ce emulsifiers thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tshuaj txhua hnub, tab sis tau kis mus rau lwm yam kev lag luam xws li petrochemicals, kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.

 

Roj rho tawm
Nyob rau hauv cov roj extraction, kev siv cov dilute dej daws ntawm surfactants los yog concentrated sib tov tov ntawm surfactants nrog roj thiab dej yuav ua rau kom cov roj crude rov qab los ntawm 15% mus rau 20%. Vim lub peev xwm ntawm surfactants los txo cov kua viscosity, lawv tau siv thaum lub sij hawm drilling kom txo cov roj viscosity thiab txo los yog tiv thaiv kev raug mob drilling. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov qhov dej qub uas tsis muaj tshuaj tsuag cov roj ntxiv lawm.

Kev loj hlob zog
Surfactants kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev txhim kho lub zog. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev nce nqi roj hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov roj nruj, kev txhim kho cov roj thee sib xyaw roj muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Ntxiv cov surfactants rau cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov roj hom tshiab nrog cov dej ntws siab, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov roj av ua lub zog. Ntxiv emulsifiers rau roj av, diesel, thiab roj hnyav tsis tsuas yog txuag cov roj, tab sis kuj txhim kho thermal efficiency thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, surfactants muaj qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho lub zog.

Kev lag luam textile
Daim ntawv thov ntawm surfactants hauv kev lag luam textile muaj keeb kwm ntev. Synthetic fibers muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li roughness, tsis txaus fluffiness, susceptibility rau electrostatic adsorption ntawm plua plav, thiab tsis zoo noo noo nqus thiab txhais tes zoo li piv rau ntuj fibers. Yog tias kho nrog cov surfactants tshwj xeeb, cov teeb meem ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Surfactants kuj tseem siv los ua softeners, antistatic agents, wetting thiab penetrating agents, thiab emulsifiers hauv textile printing thiab dyeing kev lag luam. Daim ntawv thov ntawm surfactants nyob rau hauv textile printing thiab dyeing kev lag luam yog dav heev.

Kev ntxuav hlau
Hais txog kev ntxuav hlau, cov kuab tshuaj ib txwm muaj xws li cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li roj av, roj av, thiab carbon tetrachloride. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, cov roj av siv los ntxuav cov hlau hauv Suav teb yog siab li 500000 tons hauv ib xyoos. Dej raws li hlau ntxuav cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nrog surfactants tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob. Raws li kev suav, ib tuj ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas hlau tuaj yeem hloov tau 20 tons ntawm roj av, thiab ib tuj roj av raw khoom siv tau los tsim 4 tons ntawm cov hlau ntxuav, qhia tias surfactants muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj ntxuav hlau nrog cov surfactants sab nraud kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj hluav taws kub, tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig, thiab ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb. Hom tshuaj ntxuav hlau no tau siv dav siv los ntxuav ntau hom hlau xws li tshuab aerospace, aircraft, bearings, thiab lwm yam.

Kev lag luam zaub mov
Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, surfactants yog cov khoom siv ntau yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom noj. Khoom noj khoom haus surfactants muaj emulsifying zoo, ntub dej, tiv thaiv nplaum, khaws cia, thiab flocculation cuam tshuam. Vim muaj cov nyhuv tshwj xeeb ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau pastries crispy, ua npuas ncauj cov khoom noj froth, qhob cij mos, thiab sib npaug disperse thiab emulsify raw cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov khoom siv butter, mayonnaise, thiab ice cream, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo.

Cov tshuaj tua kab hauv kev ua liaj ua teb yog cov kua emulsion uas, vim yog cov dej nro ntawm cov kua, muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sib kis nyuaj thaum txau rau ntawm nplooj nplooj. Yog hais tias ib tug surfactant ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab, cov surfactant tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm cov kua, uas yog, cov tshuaj pleev plhu poob nws cov dej num, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab yuav yooj yim kis rau ntawm nplooj nplooj, yog li nws cov tshuaj tua kab yuav zoo dua.