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Cov lus qhia dav dav rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj zoo

Ⅰ.sodium metasilicate

1. Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog

Dawb crystalline hmoov. Yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej thiab dilute alkali tov; Insoluble hauv cawv thiab acids. Cov tshuaj aqueous yog alkaline. Tawm mus rau huab cua, nws yog nquag mus rau noo noo nqus thiab deliquescence. Cov tshuaj formula yog Na2SiO3. Melting point 1088 ℃, ceev 2.4 g / cm3. Sodium metasilicate yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej. Nws yog chemically tov nrog quartz thiab soda tshauv thiab yaj ua ke ntawm 1000-1350 ℃ los ua sodium metasilicate. Lub viscous aqueous tov ntawm sodium metasilicate hu ua dej iav, los yog sodium silicate. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj ntxuav tes, nplaum nplaum, hluav taws kub nyhiab, dej tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov haujlwm xws li kev tshem tawm nplai, emulsification, dispersion, ntub dej, permeability, thiab pH buffering peev xwm.

Kev siv cov xwm txheej ntawm sodium metasilicate tsuas yog siv tau thaum tus nqi pH ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 12. Thaum tus nqi pH tsawg dua 12, sodium metasilicate yog nquag tsim metasilicate acid hauv cov tshuaj, tsim cov precipitate uas yog insoluble hauv. dej.
2. Kev faib tawm

(1) Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog:

Ntawm cov ntau yam ntawm sodium metasilicate, feem ntau siv thiab raug ib qho yog pentahydrate sodium metasilicate. Cov mis mos molecular ntawm pentahydrate sodium metasilicate crystals feem ntau yog sau li Na2SiO3 · 5H2O, uas yog tiag tiag tetrahydrate ntawm sodium dihydrogen orthosilicate nrog ob cations. Nws solubility (20 ℃) ​​yog 50g / 100g dej, thiab nws melting point yog 72 ℃. Tsib dej sodium metasilicate muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm sodium silicate thiab sodium metasilicate, thiab muaj qee lub peev xwm los khi calcium thiab magnesium ions, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj peev xwm khi rau magnesium ions ntau dua 260mg MgCO2 / g (35 ℃, 20min).

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:

1.Widely siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam ntxhua khaub ncaws. Hauv kev lag luam ntxhua khaub ncaws, xws li cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws ultra concentrated, ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws, fiber ntau whitening agent, ntaub bleaching agent, thiab lwm yam. tus neeg saib xyuas tu. Tom qab tag nrho dissolution, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug hlau xeb inhibitor, nplai tu tus neeg saib xyuas, hluav taws xob tivthaiv tu tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab yuav siv tau raws li ib tug detergent nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam.

2. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov av nkos sib xws regulator thiab av nkos demulsifier hauv cov roj crude thiab ntuj drilling thiab mining engineering.

3. Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nws yog siv los ua coagulant rau kev npaj cov kua qaub resistant mortar, acid resistant pob zeb, thiab cov cement.

4. Hauv kev lag luam ntawv, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov nplaum nplaum, tus cwj mem stripping tus neeg saib xyuas rau cov ntawv pov tseg, thiab tus neeg saib xyuas qhov chaw rau ntawv.

5. Raws li kev luam ntawv thiab dyeing auxiliary thiab ntaub pretreatment tus neeg saib xyuas hauv kev lag luam textile. 6. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv rau xab npum, xab npum, tshuaj tua kab mob, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag molecular sieve, silicic acid, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub.

6. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv rau xab npum, xab npum, tshuaj tua kab mob, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag molecular sieve, silicic acid, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub.

7.Hauv kev lag luam ceramic, ntxiv sodium metasilicate pentahydrate rau ceramic slurry tuaj yeem ua rau kom qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm cov av nplaum inorganic, siv cov nqi rov qab los txo cov viscosity ntawm ceramic slurry, thiab nce fluidity. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom zoo hauv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj ceramic

8.Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws vim nws zoo heev buffering alkalinity nyob rau hauv detergent, anti-corrosion tiv thaiv rau lub teeb hlau (aluminium, zinc, thiab lwm yam), tiv thaiv nyhuv ntawm iav thiab porcelain, raws li zoo raws li nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm thiab emulsify av thiab muag dej; Nws tseem tuaj yeem ntxuav cov roj stains sab nraud ntawm lub cav. Industrial detergent; Cov tshuaj ntxuav zaub mov; Cov tshuaj ntxuav hlau; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kho ntaub thiab ntawv de number case, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb additives rau concentrated detergents, phosphorus dawb thiab tsawg phosphorus detergents. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam ceramic thiab roj av kev lag luam.

Kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom siv raw:

1. Sodium citrate
2. Sodium gluconate
3. Sodium polyacrylate
4.EDTA-4Na
5.Sodium hydroxide

Nco ntsoov:

1.Kev nqus tau los yog nqus tau tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav ua rau mob plab zoo ib yam li mob plab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau dermatitis lossis dryness.

2. Thaum tshav kub kub los yog kev sib cuag nrog cov kua qaub los yog alkali pos huab tso pa luam yeeb heev.

(2) Tsis muaj dej sodium metasilicate

Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog:

Cov mis mos molecular: Na2SiO3 (Na2O. SiO2) yog cov khoom dawb lossis lub teeb grey granular. Sodium metasilicate yog cov hmoov dawb tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj kuab lom los yog crystalline particle uas yog soluble hauv dej tab sis insoluble hauv cawv thiab acids. Nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog alkaline thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm nplai, emulsify, tawg, ntub, nkag mus, thiab tsis pH qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li cov khoom siv ntsev inorganic, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom nqus noo noo thiab deliquescence thaum muab tso rau hauv huab cua.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:

1. Kev pab ntxuav cov hmoov xab npum. ISS thiab 4A zeolite muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, thiab thaum sib xyaw hauv qhov tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv STPP hauv cov ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo tib yam los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav raws li cov khoom xyaw ua ntej, tab sis kuj tsim cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws los ntawm agglomeration raws li cov hmoov hauv paus. Cov khoom muaj zoo liquidity, tsis muaj agglomeration, tsis muaj caking, thiab muaj zog decontamination zog.

2 Cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws additives. Zoo compatibility nrog surfactants thiab tshuaj dawb, tsis muaj hydrolysis, tsis muaj nag lossis daus.

3 pluas mov ntawm xab npum ntxuav. Tus nqi nqus roj yog siab li 70%, thiab nws lub peev xwm tshem tawm cov roj stains hloov cov hydrated sodium silicate (roj nqus tus nqi ntawm 38%).

4 Cov tshuaj ntxuav tu thiab tshuaj ntxiv. ISS yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tu ntau yam xws li cov tshuaj ntxuav hlau, cov tshuaj ntxuav cov roj hnyav, cov roj pipeline dredging tu cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav lub raj mis thiab lub raj mis. Nws muaj zog tu lub zog thiab tiv thaiv corrosion thiab xeb tiv thaiv cov teebmeem.

5. Ntxuav cov roj stains ncaj qha. ISS tuaj yeem sib xyaw ncaj qha rau hauv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous yam tsis tas yuav muaj surfactants los ntxuav cov roj stains.

6. Ceramics, cement, refractory khoom, thiab kev sib tsoo pab. ISS muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txo qis coagulation thiab depolymerization, uas tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm sib tsoo zoo, txhim kho lub zog ntawm embryo thiab qib cement hauv kev tsim cov ceramics, cement, thiab cov ntaub ntawv refractory.

7. Cement additives thiab dispersants rau kev tsim kho.

8. Electroplating xeb tshem tawm thiab polishing tus neeg saib xyuas, pH buffering tus neeg saib xyuas.

9. Paj rwb xov paj steaming, ntawv bleaching, ntaub xov tus neeg sawv cev.

10.Siv raws li ib tug nplaum thiab cement dispersant nyob rau hauv cov roj, natural gas, thiab underwater drilling tej yaam num.

11 belongs rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion thiab xeb pov thawj.

12 lub qhov cub tu, masonry nplaum.

13 tshwj xeeb lubricants thiab additives rau thixotropes.

14 iav reinforcing agent.

 

Ⅱ.Emulsification nyhuv

Txhais:

Emulsification yog tus txheej txheem ntawm dispersing ib cov kua rau hauv ib tug thib ob immiscible kua. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm emulsifier yog xab npum, xab npum hmoov, thiab lwm yam sib txuas, uas nws cov qauv yooj yim yog ib tug polar alkyl saw tom kawg. Hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov kua tsib tuaj yeem emulsify rog los tsim cov lipid me me.

Emulsifier:

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob lub kua uas tsis tuaj yeem yaj ua ke vim qhov kev ua ntawm surfactants yog hu ua emulsification phenomenon. Surfactants nrog emulsifying nyhuv yog hu ua emulsifiers. Emulsification mechanism: Tom qab ntxiv cov surfactants, vim lawv cov khoom amphiphilic, lawv tau yooj yim adsorbed thiab enriched ntawm cov roj-dej interface, txo cov kev nro ntawm lub ntsej muag. Interface nro yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm emulsion. Vim tias qhov tsim ntawm emulsions inevitably ua rau thaj tsam interfacial ntawm lub cev, uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau hauv lub cev, yog li ua kom lub zog ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov system instability. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tshuam tuaj yeem raug txo, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm tag nrho lub zog ntawm lub ntsej muag. Vim lawv lub peev xwm los txo qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag, surfactants yog cov emulsifiers zoo heev.

Emulsification mechanism:

Ib qho ntxiv uas tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim thiab ruaj khov ntawm emulsions. Raws li cov saw hlau loj hlob tuaj, qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag maj mam nce, thiab cov nyhuv emulsification maj mam ntxiv dag zog, tsim kom muaj emulsion ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj kev sib tshuam tsis yog qhov tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov ruaj khov ntawm emulsion. Qee cov pa roj carbon tsawg, xws li pentanol, tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov roj thiab dej mus rau qib qis, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov emulsion ruaj khov. Qee cov macromolecules, xws li gelatin, yuav tsis muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab, tab sis lawv yog cov emulsifiers zoo heev. Kev siv cov hmoov hmoov ua ib qho emulsifier los tsim cov emulsion ruaj khov yog ib qho piv txwv hnyav dua. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov emulsions tsim, tsuas yog txo qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis txaus los xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov ntawm emulsions.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, theem ntawm interfacial nro feem ntau qhia qhov nyuaj ntawm emulsion tsim, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm emulsion stability. Emulsifiers hloov lub xeev interface, tso cai rau ob lub kua, roj thiab dej, uas tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke, sib xyaw ua ke. Ib theem ntawm cov kua disperses mus rau hauv ntau hais dispersed nyob rau hauv lwm yam theem, tsim ib tug emulsion.

 

Ⅲ.Cov chav kawm ntxiv

1 Ntsev additive

(1) Inorganic ntsev additives, phosphates:

A. Sodium tripolyphosphate: Nws muaj kev tu zoo ntawm cov roj hnyav hnyav, nrog chelating, dispersing thiab emulsifying teebmeem, corrosion inhibition thiab corrosion inhibition teebmeem. Phosphates feem ntau muaj corrosive rau tooj liab thiab corrosion inhibition nyhuv ntawm hlau.

B. Sodium hexametaphosphate: ib tug zoo additive rau lub teeb roj stains.

C.Potassium (sodium) pyrophosphate; Ib tug zoo additive rau hnyav roj stains,

Silicates

Sodium carbonate: nws muaj peev xwm saponify roj thiab soften dej, ntub gel zoo li roj thiab muaj zoo corrosion inhibition nyhuv ntawm PH nqi ntawm kev daws. Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav.

Sodium chloride: ib qho zoo inorganic penetrant uas yuav txo tau cov concentration ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab muaj ib tug zoo thickening nyhuv.

Sodium sulfate: ib tug zoo muab tub lim uas yuav txhim khu kev ua ntawm surfactants.

Borax: soluble nyob rau hauv dej tab sis nrog tsawg solubility, soluble nyob rau hauv propylene glycol, muaj cov kev ua ntawm kev txhim kho nto kev ua si, sterilization thiab corrosion inhibition.

Sodium hydroxide: Nws muaj cov nyhuv saponification ntawm cov roj thiab cov rog. Sodium silicate: Tom qab yaj hauv dej, nws tsim cov iav dej thiab yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes uas ua rau cov roj thiab cov rog.

Trisodium phosphate: tuaj yeem siv ua dej muag, tshuaj ntxuav tes, hlau xeb inhibitor, boiler descaling agent, degreaser, thiab debonding tus neeg saib xyuas.

(2) Organic ntsev additives

ETDA disodium, trisodium, thiab tetrasodium: Disodium thiab tetrasodium tau dav siv, nrog disodium ua tsis muaj zog acidic thiab tetrasodium tsis muaj zog alkaline. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov neeg ua haujlwm chelates, feem ntau yog chelate calcium thiab magnesium ions, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm saum npoo, muaj kev tu zoo, tuaj yeem siv los ua xeb inhibitors, muaj cov nyhuv solubilizing zoo, thiab tuaj yeem txo cov kua nplaum.

Sodium citrate (ammonium): chelates ferrous thiab hlau ions, muaj cov xeb tshem tawm, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ions. Nws tuaj yeem hloov trimerization ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Sodium gluconate: muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshem tawm xeb, nrog rau kev tshem tawm xeb zoo dua li disodium EDTA, tab sis nws kuj kim heev.

Organic phosphate: HEDP-4Na muaj peev xwm chelate calcium, magnesium, hlau, txhuas, thiab zinc ions, zoo tu nyhuv, corrosive nyhuv ntawm tooj liab qhov chaw, alkaline pH nqi ntau dua 12, muaj zog alkalinity, thiab yog ib tug zoo degreaser.

Benzoate ntsev:

Sodium benzoate: muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab compatibilization los.

Sodium dimethylbenzenesulfonate: muaj cov nyhuv zoo sib xws, tab sis tsis muaj zog ntxuav. Cov nyhuv synthetic compatibilization yog qhov tseem ceeb, xws li triethanolamine, cawv ether, thiab lwm yam.

Sodium polyacrylate: Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yooj yim precipitates hauv dej thiab tsis yooj yim tawg. Qhov sib txawv molecular hnyav muaj qhov sib txawv. Nws muaj cov nyhuv chelating muaj zog, uas pab tiv thaiv cov tawv tawv ntawm cov dej thiab txhim kho kev tu lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj detergents.

Oleic acid triethanolamine: Nws muaj cov khoom zoo emulsifying thiab tseem muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov roj ntxhia thiab cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.

Citric acid: cov kua qaub loj tshaj plaws hauv cov organic acids. Raws li ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws, ua kom cov hlau ions sai sai, tiv thaiv cov pa phem los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau cov ntaub, tswj cov alkalinity tsim nyog, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev chelating.

Cov ntsiab lus;

(1) Tus neeg sawv cev uas muaj zog tshaj plaws uas nquag siv yog EDTA

(2) Kev siv ABS feem ntau yog ua ke nrog sodium polyacrylate, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm ABS.

(3) Sodium benzoate yog cov reagent nyiam siv nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv xeb.

2 cov kuab tshuaj additives

(1) Cov cawv xws li ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, thiab propylene glycol feem ntau yog siv los ua cawv reagents, nrog ethanol thiab isopropanol muaj cov khoom zoo permeation.

(2) Cawv ether ethylene glycol ether thiab propylene glycol ether muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tu kom zoo, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho huab taw tes.

(3) Alcoholamine monoethanolamine: nrog tus nqi pH ntawm kwv yees li 11.5, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm kev ntxuav, alkaline additives, thiab txhim kho huab point.

Diethylamine: nrog tus nqi pH txog 11.9, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm kev ntxuav, alkaline additives, thiab txhim kho huab point.

Triethanolamine: Feem ntau siv cawv amine, nrog rau pH tus nqi ntawm 10.7, muaj cov khoom ntawm kev ntxuav, alkaline additives, thiab txhim kho huab point. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj lub zog tu zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj corrosive thiab chelating teebmeem

(4) Ketones

 

Ⅳ.surface active agent

1 Qeb

(1) Anionic surfactant sulfonate:

1) ABS (Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate):

Kev faib tawm: Muab faib ua ob hom: tawv (muaj cov ceg ntoo) thiab muag muag (muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha)

ABS tawv muaj peev xwm tu zoo tab sis tsis zoo biodegradability, thaum mos ABS muaj peev xwm tu tsis zoo tab sis biodegradability zoo

Kev Siv: Feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev, kev lag luam hlau, siv los ua degreaser, kev lag luam pob zeb, siv ua cov thickener

Nco ntsoov: ABS yog dej-resistant, acid thiab alkali resistant. Thaum siv los ua lub thickener, nws yuav tsum tau rhuab

2) Alkyl sulfonates: muaj biodegradability zoo thiab feem ntau haum rau kev siv hauv tsev

3) Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (ib qho sib xyaw ntawm vinyl thiab hydroxyl pawg): muaj biodegradability zoo thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev thiab chav ua noj.

4) Fatty acid acetylsulfonate (tsis nquag siv): Muaj zog tiv thaiv dej muaj peev xwm, txhais tes zoo, maj mam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij

5) Secondary cawv polyoxyethylene ether amber sulfonate feem ntau neutralized nrog ammonia dej thiab triethanolamine

6) NN-oleoyl sulfonate

7) Fatty amide sulfonate

8) BX Sodium Butyl Naphthalene Sulfonate (Pulling Powder)

9) Petroleum sulfonate: feem ntau yog siv hauv cov roj xeb pov thawj

Phosphate ntsev:

1) Hloov cov cawv:

Kev Ua Haujlwm: Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib cais, thiab tuaj yeem nruab nrab nrog sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, thiab amines

Yam ntxwv: Me me rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, biodegradability tsis zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm nkag tau zoo.

Sulfate:

1) Fatty alcohol sulfate (AS)

2) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES): Kev sib xyaw ntawm AES thiab AEC feem ntau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo

3) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene sulfate K12 (sodium dodecyl sulfate)

4) Acyl glycerol sulfate ester

Carboxylate ntsev:

1) xab npum C17H35COONa muaj los tiv thaiv foaming thiab defoaming los

2) Sodium Alcohol Ether Carboxylate (AEC): Muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, nrog rau biodegradability zoo, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab dispersant

3) Sodium lauroyl ammonium ntsev rau tshuaj zawv plaub hau pej xeem siv

4) Sodium oleyl amino acid (Remy Bang) yog siv rau cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav thiab brocade, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij tsawg heev.

5) Lauryl cawv polyoxyethylene ether ortho naphthalene dicarboxylic acid monoester sodium ntsev muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov dej tawv, tsis tshua muaj foaming, thiab muaj peev xwm nthuav dav.

(2) Cationic surfactant

(3) Tsis-ionic surfactant

1) Cov yam ntxwv: zoo soluble hauv dej; Yooj yim ntxuav; Yooj yim sib xyaw (ob qho tib si cationic thiab anionic nonionic surfactants tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke, thiab qhov piv ntawm cationic surfactants rau anionic surfactants feem ntau yog 4-50: 1, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cations)

2) HLB value has hydrophilic and oleophilic properties. Thaum tus nqi HLB nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1-3, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thaum nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 13-15, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm tu, thiab thaum nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 11-15, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntub dej.

3) Huab point: Thaum lub active cloud point yog ze rau huab point ntawm ib yam khoom, nws muaj peev xwm ntxuav yog qhov muaj zog tshaj.

4) Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau huab cua ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li electrolytes, organic solvents, anions thiab cations, nrog rau amphoteric nto active polymers

5) Kev faib tawm ntawm Polyethylene Glycols:

A: Fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ether

Emulsifier: FO, MOA, O-3

Tus neeg saib xyuas: AEO-9

Tus neeg saib xyuas: JFC

Kev ua tau zoo: muaj zog tu lub zog; Tsawg kub, ua npuas ncauj tsawg; Zoo biodegradation; O-9 muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv

B: APEO (Alkybenzene Polyoxyethylene Ether)

Cov yam ntxwv: acid thiab alkali tsis kam;

Tsis zoo biodegradability compound: TX + AEO + AS (AES) muaj peev xwm ntxuav tau zoo

Qhov sib txawv hauv OP, NP, TX applications:

Emulsification kev ua tau zoo: Net permeability OP yog ntau dua TX

Dispersion: TX ntau dua OP

Cloud point and HLB value: OP is greater TX

Cov khoom ua npuas ncauj: OP tsawg dua TX

Kev huv huv: OP tsawg dua TX

C: AE (fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester) rau pej xeem siv

D: FMEE (fatty acid methyl ester polyoxyethylene ether)

E: Polyether yam ntxwv: zoo emulsifying kev ua tau zoo; Kev ua tau zoo dispersion; Kev ua haujlwm zoo lubrication; Ua npuas ncauj zoo thiab defoaming kev ua tau zoo

F: Polyoxyethylene alkylamine

Polyols:

A: Dehydrated sorbic acid ester

Yam ntxwv: Insoluble hauv dej; Zoo dispersibility

B: Sucrose ester yam ntxwv: kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam, biodegradability zoo, siv rau cov tais diav thiab cov chaw pej xeem

C: APG

D: Alkyl cawv amide (Ninal) yog tsim rau tu tsiaj thiab zaub roj, ntxhia roj thiab rog

Cov yam ntxwv: foaming, ruaj khov foaming, thickening, xeb tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi

(4) Amphoteric surfactant

Tshwj xeeb surfactants:

(1) FC muaj qhov nro qis (70-72) thiab tus nqi siab, feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.1%. Nws muaj peev xwm ntxuav tau zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj peev xwm lo rau plua plav tom qab ntxuav. Nws yog siv me me.

(2) - SI - Silicon carbon cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom defoaming

(3) Boric acid roj yog siv los tiv thaiv xeb thiab tsis yog siv los ntxuav. Nws yog siv los ua cov roj nplua nyeem thiab tsis muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig

(4) Kev ua haujlwm saum npoo ntawm polymers

Feem ntau yog siv rau thickening nyhuv

Classification ntawm defoamers

(1) Tsawg cawv

(2) Ethylene glycol butyl ether feem ntau yog siv los hloov cov cawv ethers vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis toxicity

(3) Silicic acid

(4) Phospholipids (tributyl ester)

(5) Halogenated hydrocarbons

(6) Si silane defoamer

(7) Carbon-6 rau carbon-12 kuj muaj cov khoom defoaming

3 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm surfactants

(1) Cov nyhuv emulsification

(2) Dispersing nyhuv

(3) Wetting effect

(4) Thickening nyhuv

(5) Defoaming nyhuv
Cov ntsiab lus;

1. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: CMC, yooj yim soluble hauv dej, zoo organic additive

2. TX-10: Nws muaj kev ntub dej zoo, emulsification, dispersion, stain tshem tawm, anti-static, thiab tawv dej tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem tov nrog ntau yam surfactants.

3. Nina;
6501 yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, muaj zog nkag mus thiab tu lub zog, thiab muaj zoo thickening thiab xeb tiv thaiv los.

4. AEO-7: soluble hauv dej, nrog zoo ntub dej, emulsifying, dispersing, thiab foaming zog, siab degreasing thiab nto nro txo ​​cov khoom

5. Triethanolamine oleate: muaj cov khoom zoo emulsifying thiab tiv taus cov tsiaj, zaub, thiab cov roj ntxhia.

6. Polyoxyethylene fatty cawv ether (JFC)

7. Sodium citrate; Nws tuaj yeem hloov sodium tripolyphosphate ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ions.

8. 226SA (Super Non Ionic Surfactant): Zoo ib yam li cov roj stains, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog zoo thiab ntxuav, thiab muaj cov emulsification zoo thiab muaj zog dispersion cuam tshuam rau cov roj stains thiab siv quav ciab.

9. 445N: Cov nyhuv chelating muaj zog, pab tiv thaiv qhov tawv tawv ntawm cov dej thiab txhim kho kev tu lub peev xwm ntawm xab npum thiab tshuaj ntxuav.

10. JFC penetrant: ib qho tsis-ionic surfactant nrog taag hydrophilic thiab oleophilic pawg, uas txo qhov nro ntawm dej thiab muaj emulsifying thiab ntxuav los

11. Triethanolamine: Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov roj stains, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis-polar sebum, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm alkaline.

12. ABS: Muaj zog ntub dej thiab ntxuav kev ua haujlwm. Zoo foaming muaj peev xwm

13. AEO-9: Siv ua emulsifier, stain remover, thiab xab npum

14. AEO-3: Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov dej nyuaj rau kev ntxuav cov roj hnyav, thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua thaum ua ke nrog ethanol, DBP, DBE, thiab JFC

15. Sodium silicate: Tom qab yaj hauv dej, nws tsim cov iav dej thiab yog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes zoo

16. QYL-290: Tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon deposits. Surface active agents tshwj xeeb tsim rau av thiab carbon dub

17. CP-5: Scale inhibition thiab dispersion kev ua tau zoo, inhibition ntawm cov khoom deposition, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm decontamination kev ua tau zoo

18. T-C6: Kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, zoo solubility thiab stain tshem tawm muaj peev xwm

19. AEO-4: Muaj zoo emulsifying thiab dispersing zog rau cov ntxhia roj thiab cov roj tsiaj

20. D-Ningxi: Tshem tawm cov kua nplaum thiab xeb. Muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxuav 21 trisodium phosphate: softener, detergent, hlau xeb inhibitor, boiler descaling thiab degreasing tus neeg saib xyuas, tus neeg sawv cev debonding