txoj moo

Peb cov khoom tseem ceeb: block silicone, hydroxilic silicone, carbon monoxent (fluorone, Uzbekistan, thiab lwm yam

 

EFEXUS:

Emulsion yog hais txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas muaj ib lossis ntau cov kua dej tawg rau hauv cov kua tsis muaj kua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua hlaws. Lub cheeb ntawm cov kua hlaws ntawm emulsion feem ntau ntawm 0.1-10 μ m, yog li nws yog kev ntxhib dispersion. Vim tias lub kaw lus yog Milky dawb, nws yog hu ua emulsion.

surfactants

Feem ntau, ib theem ntawm emulsion yog dej los yog cov tshuaj aqueous, uas yog hu ua aqueous theem; Lwm theem yog ib qho theem organic uas yog immiscible nrog dej, hu ua cov roj theem.

1, kev faib tawm

Peb txoj kev sib qhia:

1. Tso cai los ntawm qhov chaw: Cov khoom ntuj thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob;

2. Kev txiav txim los ntawm molecular hnyav: Tsawg molecular hnyav emulsifiers (C10-C20) thiab siab molecular hnyav emulsifiers (C txhiab);

3. Raws li nws tuaj yeem ionize hauv cov kua aqueous, nws tuaj yeem faib ua Ionic hom (ionic hom, thiab cov tsiaj txhu) thiab tsis-ionic hom.

Qhov no yog cov qauv siv feem ntau siv.

 

2, txoj haujlwm thiab txoj ntsiab cai ntawm emulsifiers

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm emulsifiers yog los txo cov npoo nro ntawm ob lub kua tau emulsified. Yog li ntawd, thaum surfactants yog siv raws li emulsifiers, ib kawg ntawm lawv hydrophobic pab pawg ua kua (xws li roj), thaum cov pab pawg hydrophilic txuas ntxiv ntawm cov dej. Surfactants yog kev qhia txog saum npoo ntawm cov kua ua kua los tsim cov kev sib tw hydlets), kom txo cov kev sib nrig sib txawv ntawm ob ntu, thiab txhawb kev sib cais los ua emulsions.

Qhov concentration ntawm surfactant muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub zog ntawm interfacial lub ntsej muag npog ntsej muag. Nrog siab siab, muaj ntau yam surfactant molecules adsorbed ntawm lub interface, sib sau ua ib tug ntom thiab muaj zog interface ntsej muag.

Txawv txawv emulsifiers muaj cov teebmeem emulsification sib txawv, thiab tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo emulsification kuj txawv. Feem ntau hais lus, ntau dua cov molecular lub zog ntawm emulsifier uas ua rau lub ntsej muag ntsej muag npog ntsej muag, thiab lub zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce; Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zog me me, qis dua ntawm zaj duab xis muaj zog, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis ruaj khov.

Thaum muaj cov organic molecules xws li fatty cawv, fatty acid thiab rog amine hauv lub ntsej muag ntsej muag, lub zog ntawm daim nyias nyias yog txhim kho. Qhov no yog vim hais tias emulsifier sib cuam tshuam nrog polar molecules xws li dej cawv, acid thiab amine nyob rau hauv lub complex, uas nce lub zog ntawm lub interface ntsej muag daim npog ntsej muag.

Lub emulsifier tsim ntau tshaj ob surfactants yog ib qho sib xyaw emulsifier. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm cov lwg me me, cov kev sib txuam cuam tshuam tau ntau dua, thiab lub zog ntawm cov ntsej muag ci ntsa iab lub ntsej muag muaj zog ntxiv.

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov emulsion, qhov kev sib txuam sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj thiab dej tau zoo heev vim yog kev koom nrog surfactants, thiab nws dhau los ua ib qho kev ruaj khov emulsion. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj roj-dej cuam tshuam nro hauv emulsion uas tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag xoom vim kev txwv solubility. Yog li ntawd, lotion yog lub thermodynamic tsis ruaj khov system.

Qhov kev cuam tshuam interfacial ntawm cov roj thiab dej ntawm micro emulsion yog li tsawg uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas tau. Nws yog lub thermodynamic ruaj khov system. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv hom thib ob ntawm surfactant nrog kev sib txuam sib txawv xws li muaj ntau cov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov kev sib cuam tshuam me me, txawm tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam zoo heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm Gibbs 'Adsorption sib npaug rau cov tshuab ntau sib xyaw.

 

3, hom emulsion

Ntaus

Cov tshuaj emulsion ib qho yog dej lossis lwm yam yog cov khoom siv hauv dej, thiab lwm yam roj tuaj yeem faib ua peb hom:

(a) roj hauv cov hom dej (O'W)
(e) cov mis nyuj sib xyaw (w / o / w)
(b) roj hauv dej hom (w / o)

(1) roj / dej (0 / w) emulsion, roj dispersed hauv dej. Roj yog cov theem dispersed (sab hauv), thiab dej yog theem txuas ntxiv (sab nraud) roj hauv dej emulsion, uas tuaj yeem ua rau dej. Xws li mis nyuj, kua mis taum, thiab lwm yam.

(2) Dej / Roj (W / 0) emulsion, dej dispersed nyob rau hauv cov roj. Dej yog ib theem dispersed (sab hauv) thiab roj yog theem txuas ntxiv (sab nraud) ntawm cov roj hauv cov roj emulsion. Qhov emulsion no tuaj yeem ua rau roj. Xws li cov khoom cuav butter, roj crude, thiab lwm yam.

(3) ntiv nplhaib ntxhiab emulsions, tsim los ntawm kev sib cais dej thiab dej hauv cov roj thiab dej hauv cov roj thiab dej hauv av muaj tsawg thiab feem ntau muaj nyob hauv roj av nyoos.

 

Txoj kev ntawm kev kuaj xyuas hom emulsion

(1) Dilution txoj kev

Dilute cov emulsion nrog tib cov kua raws li theem txuas ntxiv. Cov dej soluble emulsion yog roj / dej hom, thiab cov roj soluble emulsion yog dej / roj hom.
Piv txwv li, mis tuaj yeem ua rau dej, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav nrog roj zaub. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias mis nyuj yog o / w emulsion.

(2) txoj kev coj ua

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej thiab roj txawv heev, thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov roj / dej emulsion yog pua pua ntawm cov dej / roj. Yog li ntawd, ob lub electrodes tau tso rau hauv emulsion thiab neon tau txuas rau hauv cov voj, thiab cov roj / dej teeb yog nyob rau.

(3) Qhov txheej txheem staining

Ntxiv 2-3 tee ntawm cov roj-raws li los yog dej uas dyes rau hauv lub raj ntsuas, thiab txiav txim seb hom xim ua haujlwm twg thiaj ua tau cov xim txuas ntxiv.

(4) Lem cov qauv plhaw txoj kev

Tso cov tshuaj pleev ntawm daim ntawv lim. Yog tias cov kua tuaj yeem nthuav sai thiab qis qis qis sab laug hauv nruab nrab, cov tshuaj pleev cov tshuaj rau roj; Yog hais tias cov tshuaj pleev cov dej pleev tsis nthuav, cov roj hauv hom dej dej.

(5) Kev Ua Kho Dua Kho Mob

Qhov txawv chaw ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj dej thiab roj rau lub teeb yog siv los txheeb xyuas hom emulsion. Yog tias cov emulsion yog roj hauv dej, cov hais ua si lub teeb ua yeeb yam, thiab tsuas yog cov txheej txheem sab laug, thiab tsuas yog sab laug txheej txheem ntawm cov lus tuaj yeem pom nrog lub tshuab tsom; Yog tias emulsion yog dej hauv cov roj, cov hais ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg astigmatism, thiab tsuas yog cov qauv qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov lus tuaj yeem pom nrog lub tshuab tsom;

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau hom emulsion

(1) Tshooj 6:

Cov theem ntim lub qhov kev ntim tau npaj tseg los ntawm 0stwald los ntawm cov kev xav geometric. Qhov pom pom yog qhov kev xav tau tias cov kua hlaws ua kua yog tib qho loj me me thiab cov roj ntsha tsuas yog suav tau rau 74.02 ntawm tag nrho cov ntim thaum lawv muaj feem ntau ntim. Yog hais tias cov theem ntim ntau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov kua hlaws ua kua yog ntau dua 74.02%, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav deformed lossis puas.

(a) uniform detplet nplua nuj pawg woven emulsion
(b) tsis sib xws Deven Dense Stacking Emulsion
(c) tsis yog spherical kua dej ntws yuav tsum pawg thiab emulsion (tsis ruaj khov)

Nqa cov O / W hom emulsion ua piv txwv, yog tias theem tseem ceeb tshaj 7,98% -74.02%, nws yuav tsim 0 / W lossis W0 hom.

 

Molecular qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm emulsifiers - wedge kev tshawb xav

Lub pob zeb npoo yog los ntawm cov qauv kev sib txawv ntawm emulsifiers los txiav txim siab hom emulsion. Lub npoo kev tshawb xav qhia tias cov ntoo khaub ncaws hla ntawm hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic pawg hauv emulsifiers tsis sib npaug. Cov lwg me me ntawm emulsifiers tau saib raws li wedges, nrog ib qho loj dua thiab lwm qhov me dua. Qhov me me ntawm emulsifier tuaj yeem tso rau hauv saum npoo ntawm cov teepet zoo li ib tug wedge thiab npaj hauv kev coj ua ntawm cov roj-dej interface. Lub Hydrophilic thib ob txuas mus rau theem aqueous, thaum lub lipophilic hydroxin chartends mus rau theem roj, ua rau muaj zog interfacial.

 

Cawv ntawm emulsifier cov khoom ntawm emulsion hom

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm yam xws li emulsion muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab emulsion sib tov, mob sab nraud kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hom emulsion. Piv txwv li, lub hydrophilic thiab lipophilic xwm yog muaj zog, thiab o / w / 0 emulsion yog ib qho yooj yim los ua thaum cov lipophilic xwm muaj zog. Qhov laj thawj yog tias cov kua xav tau tswj ib txheej ntawm theem txuas ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa, yog li ntawd nws tsis yooj yim kom tau tawg mus rau hauv cov kua hlaws ua kua thaum nplawm. Iav yog hydrophilic thaum yas yog hydrophobic, yog li yav dhau los yog nquag los ua o / w emulsions thaum lub tom kawg yog nquag los ua w / 0 emulsions.

 

Kev xav ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ob theem

Lub coalescence ceev lub tswv yim pib los ntawm cov cawv ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm ob hom hluav taws xob ntawm ob hom hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm ob hom hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm ob hom hluav taws xob thaum lub zog ntawm cov pa hluav taws kub

 

Qho so

Qhov nce ntxiv nyob rau hauv qhov kub nyob rau hauv qhov kub yuav txo cov hydrophilic pawg, yog li txo lub hydrophilicity ntawm cov lwg me me. Yog li ntawd, 0 / w emulsion tsim ntawm tsawg kub tuaj yeem hloov mus rau W / 0 emulsion thaum kub. Qhov kub hloov no yog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv hydrophilic thiab lipophilic yam ntxwv ntawm surfactant ncav cuag ib qho kev sib npaug tsim nyog tau txais kev sib txig sib luag, hu ua theem hloov pauv qhov.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub conculsifier yog loj txaus kom kov yeej ntawm cov khoom siv emulsifier nkaus xwb thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lub hydrophilicity thiab lipophilicity ntawm lub nkoj phab ntsa.


Lub Sijhawm Post: Sep-29-2024