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    Demulsifier

    Txij li qee cov khib nyiab tsis zoo hauv dej, thaum ib los yog ntau dua ntawm cov khib nyiab no muaj ntau hauv cov kua dej, lawv tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv dej hauv lub xeev emulsified nyob rau hauv stirring los ntawm hydraulic los yog lwm lub zog, tsim ib qho emulsion.
    Raws li txoj cai, qhov system no tsis ruaj khov, tab sis yog tias muaj qee cov surfactants (cov av, thiab lwm yam), nws yuav ua rau lub xeev emulsification hnyav heev, txawm tias ob theem nyuaj rau kev sib cais, feem ntau yog cov roj-dej sib tov. nyob rau hauv cov roj-dej sib cais thiab cov dej-roj sib tov nyob rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj kho, ob theem tsim ib tug ruaj khov roj-hauv-dej los yog dej-hauv-roj qauv, lub hauv paus theoretical yog "ob chav hluav taws xob txheej qauv".
    Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib co neeg ua hauj lwm raug muab tso rau mus cuam tshuam lub ruaj khov hluav taws xob bilayer qauv raws li zoo raws li kom stabilize lub emulsification system thiaj li mus cuag cov kev sib cais ntawm ob theem. Cov neeg ua haujlwm no siv los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm emulsification yog hu ua emulsion breakers.

    Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb

    Demulsifier yog cov khoom siv surfactant, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov emulsion zoo li kua qauv puas tsuaj, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm emulsion hauv kev sib cais ntawm ntau theem. Crude roj deemulsification yog hais txog kev siv cov tshuaj nyhuv ntawm emulsion tawg tus neeg saib xyuas kom tawm cov roj thiab dej hauv cov emulsified roj-dej sib tov kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm cov roj crude dehydration, thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej tus qauv ntawm cov roj crude dej cov ntsiab lus rau sab nraud. kis tau tus mob.
    Kev sib cais zoo ntawm cov organic thiab aqueous theem, ib qho ntawm txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog siv demulsifier los tshem tawm emulsification los tsim ib qho emulsified interface nrog ib lub zog kom ua tiav qhov kev sib cais ntawm ob theem. Txawm li cas los xij, txawv demulsifier muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm emulsion tawg peev xwm rau cov organic theem, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau ob-theem sib cais nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm penicillin ntau lawm, ib tug txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog rho penicillin los ntawm penicillin fermentation broth nrog organic solvents (xws li butyl acetate). Txij li thaum lub fermentation broth muaj complexes ntawm cov proteins, suab thaj, mycelium, thiab lwm yam., lub interface ntawm organic thiab aqueous theem tsis meej thaum lub sij hawm extraction, thiab emulsification cheeb tsam yog ib qho kev siv zog, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom tiav.

    Common Demulsifier - Cov hauv qab no yog lub ntsiab uas tsis yog-ionic demulsifier feem ntau siv hauv cov roj av.

    SP-hom Demulsifier

    Lub ntsiab ntawm SP-hom emulsion breaker yog polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, theoretical structural formula yog R(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, qhov twg: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic cawv; x, y, z-polymerization degree.SP-hom demulsifier muaj qhov pom ntawm lub teeb daj muab tshuaj txhuam, HLB tus nqi ntawm 10 ~ 12, soluble hauv dej. SP-hom uas tsis yog-ionic demulsifier tau zoo dua demulsifying nyhuv ntawm paraffin-raws li roj crude. Nws qhov hydrophobic muaj carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon chains, thiab nws pawg hydrophilic yog hydrophilic los ntawm kev ua ntawm hydroxyl (-OH) thiab ether (-O-) pawg hauv molecule thiab dej los tsim hydrogen bonds. Txij li thaum pawg hydroxyl thiab ether tsis muaj zog hydrophilic, tsuas yog ib lossis ob pawg hydroxyl lossis ether tsis tuaj yeem rub pawg hydrophobic ntawm carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon saw mus rau hauv dej, yuav tsum muaj ntau tshaj li ib pawg hydrophilic kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm dej solubility. Qhov loj dua qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov uas tsis yog-ionic demulsifier, qhov ntev ntawm cov saw molecular, ntau hydroxyl thiab ether pawg nws muaj, qhov ntau dua nws rub lub zog, lub zog demulsifying muaj peev xwm ntawm cov roj crude emulsions. Lwm qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas SP demulsifier yog tsim rau cov roj ntsha roj uas tsis muaj roj paraffin yog cov roj uas muaj roj paraffin tsis muaj cov pos hniav thiab asphaltene, tsawg lipophilic surfactant thiab cov txheeb ze tsawg dua. Rau cov roj crude nrog cov pos hniav siab thiab cov ntsiab lus asphaltene (los yog cov ntsiab lus dej ntau dua 20%), lub peev xwm demulsifying ntawm SP-hom demulsifier tsis muaj zog vim yog cov qauv molecular ib leeg, tsis muaj ceg saw hlau thiab cov qauv uas muaj ntxhiab.

    AP hom Demulsifier

    AP-hom demulsifier yog polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether nrog polyethylene polyamine ua tus pib, ntau hom nonionic surfactant nrog molecular qauv formula: D(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, qhov twg: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - fatty cawv; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - degree ntawm polymerization.
    AP-hom qauv demulsifier rau paraffin-raws li crude roj demulsification, cov nyhuv yog zoo dua li SP-hom demulsifier, nws yog tsim nyog rau crude roj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 20% ntawm crude roj demulsifier, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau sai demulsifying nyhuv nyob rau hauv qis kub. tej yam kev mob. Yog hais tias SP-hom demulsifier settles thiab demulsify lub emulsion nyob rau hauv 55 ~ 60 ℃ thiab 2h, AP-hom demulsifier tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kho thiab demulsify lub emulsion nyob rau hauv 45 ~ 50 ℃ thiab 1.5h. Qhov no yog vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm AP-hom demulsifier molecule. Tus thawj polyethylene polyamine txiav txim siab cov qauv ntawm cov molecule: cov saw molecular yog ntev thiab branched, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm hydrophilic yog siab dua li ntawm SP-hom demulsifier nrog ib tug molecular qauv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau cov saw hlau txiav txim siab AP-hom demulsifier muaj qhov ntub dej siab thiab permeability, thaum cov roj crude demulsifying, AP-hom demulsifier molecules tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov roj-dej interface zaj duab xis sai, dua li SP-hom demulsifier molecules ntawm ntsug. ib leeg molecule zaj duab xis kev npaj occupies ntau deg cheeb tsam, yog li tsawg npaum li cas, emulsion tawg nyhuv yog pom tseeb. Tam sim no, hom demulsifier no yog qhov zoo dua uas tsis yog-ionic demulsifier siv hauv Daqing oilfield.

    AE hom Demulsifier

    AE-type demulsifier yog polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether nrog polyethylene polyamine ua tus pib, uas yog ntau hom ntawm nonionic surfactant. Piv nrog rau AP-hom demulsifier, qhov txawv yog tias AE-hom demulsifier yog ob-theem polymer nrog cov khoom me me thiab cov saw luv luv. Cov qauv qauv molecular yog: D (PO) x (EO) yH, qhov twg: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - degree ntawm polymerization. Txawm hais tias cov theem molecular ntawm AE-hom demulsifier thiab AP-hom demulsifier txawv heev, tab sis cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tib yam, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj monomer thiab polymerization kev txiav txim sib txawv.
    (1) ob lub non-ionic demulsifier nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm synthesis, lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yog txawv, uas ua rau qhov ntev ntawm polymerization molecules kuj txawv.
    (2) AP-hom demulsifier molecule yog bipartite, nrog polyethylene polyamine li pib, thiab polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization los tsim thaiv copolymers: AE-hom demulsifier molecule yog bipartite, nrog polyethylene polyamine ua pib, thiab polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization rau ob lub , yog li ntawd, qhov tsim ntawm AP-hom demulsifier molecule yuav tsum ntev dua li AE-type demulsifier molecule.
     

    AE-type yog ob-theem ntau-txheej qauv qauv crude roj demulsifier, uas kuj tau hloov mus rau demulsification ntawm asphaltene crude roj emulsions. Qhov ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipophilic surfactant nyob rau hauv bituminous crude roj, lub zog viscous quab yuam, qhov me dua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj thiab dej ceev, tsis yooj yim rau demulsify lub emulsion. AE-type demulsifier yog siv los demulsify emulsion ceev, thiab tib lub sijhawm, AE-hom demulsifier yog qhov zoo dua los tiv thaiv viscosity reducer. Vim nws cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov molecules, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los tsim cov tes hauj lwm me me, yog li cov pob zeb ib leeg ntawm paraffin twb tsim nyob rau hauv cov roj crude poob rau hauv cov tes hauj lwm no, impede lub dawb txav ntawm ib qho crystals ntawm paraffin thiab tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog txhua. lwm yam, tsim cov qauv net ntawm paraffin, txo cov viscosity thiab khov point ntawm cov roj crude thiab tiv thaiv cov aggregation ntawm wax crystals, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm anti-wax.

    AR hom demulsifier

    AR-type demulsifier yog ua los ntawm alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) thiab polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene thiab ib hom tshiab roj-soluble non-ionic demulsifier, HLB tus nqi ntawm 4 ~ 8, qis demulsifying kub ntawm 35 ~ 45 ℃. Cov qauv qauv molecular yog: AR (PO) x (EO) yH, qhov twg: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-resin; x, y, z-degree ntawm polymerization.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm synthesizing demulsifier, AR resin ua raws li ob qho tib si pib thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub molecule ntawm demulsifier los ua lipophilic pawg. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm AR-hom demulsifier yog: cov molecule tsis loj, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov roj crude solidification point siab tshaj 5 ℃ muaj ib tug zoo dissolution, diffusion, nkag mus rau hauv, sai emulsified dej droplets flocculation, agglomeration. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntau tshaj 80% ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov roj crude nrog cov ntsiab lus dej ntawm 50% ~ 70% ntawm qis dua 45 ℃ thiab 45 min kom tshem tawm ntau tshaj 80% ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov roj crude nrog dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm 50% mus rau 70%, uas yog incomparable rau SP-hom thiab AP-hom demulsifier.
    Post lub sij hawm: Mar-22-2022