Peb cov khoom tseem ceeb: block silicone, hydroxilic silicone, carbon monoxent (fluorone, Uzbekistan, thiab lwm yam

 

Kev ntxuav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm surfactants yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas muab surfactants zoo tshaj plaws kev siv. Nws cuam tshuam nrog txhua hnub nyob ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg. Thiab nws kuj tau ua rau siv tau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom.

Kev ntxuav dej qhuav yog ib txoj kev ntxuav hauv cov kuab tshuaj uas siv tau los ua solubents thiab solubility ntawm surfactants tshem tawm cov av ntawm cov ntaub. Nws qhov zoo dua yog tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txwv tsis pub ntaub plaub ntawm cov ntaub plaub thiab cov ntaub qhwv uas tau siv los ntawm kev ntxuav, nrog rau txhais tes tsis zoo xav txog khaub ncaws.

 

Cov av ntawm cov ntaub tuaj yeem faib ua ob hom: Roj soluble, dej-soluble, thiab ob qho roj thiab dej insoluble.

Cov roj soluble cov plua av tuaj yeem tshem tawm ncaj qha rau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Cov kuab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntxuav cov roj av roj, feem ntau yog siv cov aliphatic hydrocarbons, thiab 1,2,4-trimethylphyllomatic hydrocarbons. Ib qho ntxiv, tseem muaj cov pa roj carbon tetrachloride, Trichlorethylene, Tetrachlorethylene, thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov av nrog dej zoo solubility lossis muaj zog ntawm hydrophilicity, ib qho me me ntawm cov dej thiab surfactants yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub system. Qhov kev sib ntxiv ntawm surfactants tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntawv tawm ntawm cov khoom hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Cov dispersion ruaj khov thiab kev ncua ntawm av hauv cov organic xov xwm tsis muaj nyob ntawm electrostatic txoj cai ntawm cov surfactants ntawm cov kua-interface.

Surfactants hauv cov organic media adsorb ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov raws li cov lus qhia qoob loo ntawm cov organic thiab cov adsorption ntawm cov khoom siv organic thiab adsorbed ntawm cov khoom siv-ua kua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua cov yeeb yaj kiab ua si ntawm cov roj carbon hydrogen chart, tsim kom muaj zog ntawm cov av thaiv kev thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuam lossis kev tso tawm ntawm cov av ntawm cov ntaub. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov dej me me tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej thiab cov khoom siv ua kom yooj yim rau cov qib surfactants, uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov surfaces (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau polar thaj chaw). Qhov no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum surfactants daim ntawv thim rov qab hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic, cov dej me me thiab nws cov dej-solubled hauv micelles nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.

 

Surfactants siv rau kev ntxuav kom qhuav yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

Nws yuav tsum tau yaj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov kuab tshuaj thiab ib qho kev thim rov qab cov dej ntws tawm tau zoo rau cov khoom siv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab muab cov kuab paug ruaj khov hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic;
③ qis qis dua adsorition ntawm khaub ncaws thiab cov ntxaij lim dej;
Tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, tsis muaj kev phom sij rau cov khaub ncaws, tsis muaj kev txhim kho rau cov hlau, thiab lwm yam.

Surfactants siv rau kev ntxuav kom qhuav yuav tsum yooj yim soluble hauv cov emgic media.

 

Feem ntau siv tau suav nrog:

Anionic Surfactants xws li roj av sulfonate, sodium alkylbenesulfonate (lossis amine ntsev), thiab sodium succuminate sulfonate;

② Tsis yog ionic surfactants xws li polyoxyylene alkyl cawv neeg phem, polyoxyylene alkyl phekyl amides, thiab lwm yam.