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Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev ua neej nyob, cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj tsis yog tsuas yog txwv rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xwb, tab sis kuj xav tau cov khoom noj kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hnov ​​​​lus zoo xws li tsos, xim, aroma, saj, viscosity, freshness, thiab lwm yam.

Emulsifiers, raws li cov khoom noj ntxiv rau kev txias, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Cia peb saib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm emulsifiers!

Emulsion

Cov emulsion ntau hauv cov zaub mov muaj cov dej los yog cov kua dej aqueous, sib sau ua ke hu ua theem hydrophilic; Lwm theem yog theem ntawm cov organic uas tsis muaj dej, tseem hu ua lipophilic theem. Ob lub kua dej tsis zoo, xws li dej thiab roj, tuaj yeem tsim ob hom emulsions thaum sib xyaw, xws li dej hauv roj (O / W) thiab dej hauv roj (W / O) emulsions.

Hauv cov dej hauv cov roj emulsion, cov roj yog dispersed raws li cov me me hauv dej, nrog cov roj tee raws li cov theem dispersing thiab dej raws li qhov nruab nrab dispersing. Piv txwv li, nyuj cov mis nyuj yog O / W emulsion; Hauv dej hauv cov roj emulsions, qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseeb. Dej yog dispersed li me me tee dej nyob rau hauv cov roj, nrog dej raws li lub dispersing theem thiab roj raws li qhov nruab nrab dispersing. Piv txwv li, khoom siv butter yog hom W / O emulsion.

Lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm emulsifiers

Khoom noj khoom haus emulsifiers, tseem hu ua surfactants, yog cov khoom uas hloov cov kua dej tsis zoo rau hauv cov theem sib txawv (emulsions). Thaum ntxiv rau cov khoom noj, lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov roj thiab dej, uas tso cai rau cov roj immiscible (hydrophobic substances) thiab dej (hydrophilic substances) los tsim cov emulsions ruaj khov ua cov khoom noj ntxiv.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, emulsifiers tsim cov txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, txo qis lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke thiab tsim cov kev sib tshuam tshiab. Emulsifier molecules muaj hydrophilic thiab oleophilic ua haujlwm pab pawg, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau ntawm cov theem sib txawv ntawm cov roj thiab dej, tsim cov txheej txheem nyias nyias thiab txo cov kev sib tshuam ntawm ob theem. Ntawd yog, oleophilic ib feem ntawm cov roj molecule thiab cov emulsifier yog nyob rau ntawm ib sab, thiab cov hydrophilic ib feem ntawm cov dej molecule thiab cov emulsifier yog nyob rau sab nraud. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tib si ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib tshuam;

Ntawm qhov tod tes, los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv adsorption ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tee dej, nws ua rau cov tee dej muaj zog spatial stability. Qhov ntau emulsifiers ntxiv, qhov ntau dua qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib tshuam. Qhov no tso cai rau yav dhau los immiscible cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tsim kom muaj homogeneous dispersed system uas hloov lub cev lub cev qub, yog li txhim kho cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov zaub mov thiab txhim kho nws qhov zoo.
Hydrophilic thiab oleophilic equilibrium tus nqi

Feem ntau, emulsifiers nrog muaj zog hydrophilicity daim ntawv roj / dej emulsions, thaum emulsifiers nrog muaj zog hydrophilicity tsim dej / roj emulsions. Txhawm rau qhia txog qhov sib npaug ntawm hydrophilic thiab lipophilic ntawm emulsifiers, HLB tus nqi (hydrophilic lipophilic tshuav nqi) feem ntau yog siv, thiab HLB tus nqi yog siv los sawv cev rau qhov hydrophilicity ntawm emulsifiers. Muaj ntau txoj kev suav rau HLB tus nqi,

Difference formula: HLB = hydrophilicity of hydrophilic group - hydrophobicity of lipophilic group

Ratio formula: HLB = hydrophilicity of hydrophilic group/hydrophobicity of oleophilic group

Tus nqi HLB ntawm txhua emulsifier tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim. Rau cov emulsifiers nrog 100% lipophilicity, lawv HLB yog 0 ( sawv cev los ntawm paraffin wax), thiab rau cov neeg uas muaj 100% hydrophilicity, lawv HLB yog 20 ( sawv cev los ntawm cov poov tshuaj oleate), muab faib ua 20 qhov sib npaug los qhia lub zog ntawm lawv cov hydrophilicity thiab oleophilicity. Qhov loj dua tus nqi HLB, qhov muaj zog ntawm hydrophilicity, thiab qhov me me ntawm HLB tus nqi, qhov muaj zog oleophilicity.

Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus emulsifiers yog cov uas tsis yog-ionic surfactants nrog HLB qhov tseem ceeb xws li 0 txog 20. Qhov sib txawv HLB qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom muaj feem xyuam ntawm cov khoom tsis-ionic emulsifiers muaj nyob rau hauv lub rooj; The HLB value of ionic surfactants is 0-40. Yog li, emulsifiers nrog HLB qhov tseem ceeb <10 feem ntau yog lipophilic, thaum emulsifiers nrog HLB qhov tseem ceeb ≥ 10 muaj cov yam ntxwv hydrophilic.

Rau cov emulsifiers sib xyaw, lawv cov txiaj ntsig HLB muaj cov khoom ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum ob los yog ntau tshaj emulsifiers sib xyaw thiab siv, HLB tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw emulsifier tuaj yeem xam raws li qhov loj ntawm txhua emulsifier hauv nws cov khoom xyaw:

HLBa,b = HLBa·A%+HLBb·B%

Hauv cov mis,

HLBa, b is the HLB value of emulsifier a, b mix together;

HLB and HLBb is the HLB values ​​of emulsifiers a and b, respectively;

A% thiab B% yog qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm a thiab b hauv cov emulsifier sib xyaw, raws li (cov qauv no tsuas yog siv rau cov tsis-ionic emulsifiers).
Kev npaj cov txheej txheem thiab cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm emulsifiers

Muaj plaub txoj hauv kev los npaj cov emulsifiers, uas yog txoj kev qhuav gel, txoj kev ntub dej, roj-dej theem sib xyaw, thiab cov txheej txheem siv tshuab.

Txoj kev qhuav gel, uas suav nrog ntxiv dej rau theem roj uas muaj emulsifiers. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj, cov roj hmab hmoov (emulsifier) ​​yog thawj zaug sib tov sib npaug nrog cov roj, ib co dej ntxiv, av thiab emulsified rau hauv colostrum, thiab ces diluted nrog dej kom tag nrho cov nyiaj.

Txoj kev ntub dej gel, uas suav nrog kev ntxiv roj rau cov dej theem uas muaj emulsifiers. Thaum npaj, cov gel (emulsifier) ​​yog thawj zaug yaj hauv dej los tsim cov slurry raws li cov dej theem. Tom qab ntawd, cov roj theem yog ntxiv rau cov dej theem hauv theem, hauv av rau hauv colostrum, thiab dej ntxiv rau tag nrho cov nyiaj.

Sib tov cov roj thiab dej theem thiab ntxiv rau cov emulsifier, sib tov ib qho ntawm cov roj thiab dej. Sib tsoo cov pos hniav Arabic rau hauv ib lub mortar, ces ceev nrooj zom cov roj-dej sib tov rau hauv colostrum, thiab dilute nrog dej.

Kev npaj ntawm emulsifiers feem ntau suav nrog emulsifying ob cov kua, thiab qhov zoo ntawm emulsification muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm emulsion.

Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau emulsification feem ntau suav nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag, viscosity thiab kub, lub sij hawm emulsification, thiab tus nqi ntawm emulsifier siv. Emulsifiers uas tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag feem ntau yog xaiv; Qhov zoo tshaj plaws emulsification kub rau emulsifiers yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 70 ℃. Yog tias tsis yog-ionic surfactants siv los ua emulsifiers, qhov kub ntawm emulsification yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj lawv qhov kub siab tshaj; Qhov ntau emulsifiers tau siv, qhov ruaj khov ntawm emulsion tsim.

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