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Taw qhia rau Surfactants
Surfactants muaj cov qauv amphiphilic molecular: ib kawg muaj ib pawg hydrophilic, hu ua lub taub hau hydrophilic, thaum lwm qhov kawg muaj ib pab pawg hydrophobic, hu ua tus Tsov tus tw hydrophobic. Lub taub hau hydrophilic tso cai rau cov surfactants yaj hauv dej hauv lawv daim ntawv monomer.
Cov pab pawg hydrophilic feem ntau yog pawg polar, uas tuaj yeem yog pawg carboxyl (-COOH), sulfonic acid pawg (-SO3H), pawg amino (-NH2), amines thiab lawv cov ntsev, hydroxyl pawg (-OH), amide. pab pawg, los yog ether linkages (-O-) raws li lwm yam piv txwv ntawm polar hydrophilic pawg.
Cov pab pawg hydrophobic feem ntau yog cov saw hlau uas tsis yog-polar hydrocarbon, xws li hydrophobic alkyl chains (R- rau alkyl) lossis pawg muaj ntxhiab (Ar- rau aryl).
Surfactants tuaj yeem faib ua ionic surfactants (xws li cationic thiab anionic surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, mix surfactants, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem surfactant, thaum lub concentration ntawm cov surfactant nce mus txog ib qho nqi, surfactant molecules yuav tsim ntau yam kev txiav txim sib sau hu ua micelles. Cov txheej txheem ntawm micellization, lossis tsim micelle, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem surfactant, vim tias muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov phenomena cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov micelles.
Qhov concentration ntawm cov surfactants tsim micelles hauv kev daws yog hu ua Critical Micele Concentration (CMC). Cov micelles tsis tas, cov qauv kheej kheej; es, lawv nthuav tawm qhov tsis sib xws thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, surfactants kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov rov qab micelle xeev.
Factors Influencing CMC:
- Cov qauv ntawm cov surfactant
- Hom thiab muaj cov additives
- Kub
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Surfactants thiab Proteins
Cov protein muaj cov tsis muaj polar, polar, thiab cov pab pawg them nyiaj, thiab ntau cov amphiphilic molecules tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov protein ntau ntau. Raws li cov xwm txheej, surfactants tuaj yeem tsim cov molecular koom nrog cov qauv sib txawv, xws li micelles lossis rov qab micelles, uas cuam tshuam sib txawv nrog cov proteins.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein thiab surfactants (Protein-Surfactant, PS) feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog electrostatic kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib cuam tshuam hydrophobic. Ionic surfactants cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins feem ntau los ntawm electrostatic rog ntawm pawg polar thiab hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm aliphatic carbon saw, khi rau cov polar thiab hydrophobic cheeb tsam ntawm cov protein, yog li tsim PS complexes.
Non-ionic surfactants feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins los ntawm hydrophobic rog, qhov twg cov saw hlau hydrophobic cuam tshuam nrog thaj tsam hydrophobic ntawm cov protein. Kev sib cuam tshuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm surfactant thiab cov protein. Yog li ntawd, hom thiab concentration ntawm surfactants, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ib puag ncig, txiav txim siab seb surfactants stabilize los yog destabilize proteins, nrog rau seb lawv txhawb kev sib sau los yog dispersion.
HLB Value of Surfactants
Rau cov surfactant kom nthuav tawm nws cov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv, nws yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic. Lub HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm hydrophilic-lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm surfactants thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm surfactants 'hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic zog.
Tus nqi HLB yog tus nqi txheeb ze (xws li 0 txog 40). Piv txwv li, paraffin muaj HLB tus nqi ntawm 0 (tsis muaj hydrophilic tivthaiv), polyethylene glycol muaj HLB tus nqi ntawm 20, thiab cov hydrophilic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) muaj HLB tus nqi ntawm 40. Tus nqi HLB tuaj yeem ua tus taw qhia. siv thaum xaiv surfactants. Tus nqi HLB siab dua qhia tau tias muaj dej zoo dua, thaum tus nqi HLB qis dua qhia tias muaj dej tsis zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-10-2024